Binding and cohering composition.



IUUI \JVIIII vv- I comma ofi'LAsuc.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ROBERT FULTON TOmKINS, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

(9 :amnmo am: connnme COMPOEIQHI :D U of I l 1 s 1,247,595 1 Y Medication f Patent Patented Nov. 20, 1917.

Io Drawing. Original application filed August 11, 1913, Serial No. 784.121. Divided and this application filed February 11, 1916. Serial No. 77,599.

To all whom it may concern: Twaddell, by evaporation or hydration to a Be it known that 1, ROBERT FULTON density of 48 degrees Twaddell.

TOMIKINS, a citizen of the United States, To this aqueous solution of glucosid on residing at New York, in the county of New tannin is preferably added a soluble silicate 5 York and State of New York, have inventsuch as sodium silicate, in proportion of 5% ed certain new and useful Improvements in by weight of the combined glucosid and 0 Binding and Cohering Compositions, of tannin content when the binder is intended which the following is a s ecification. being to be employed as a street or road dressing a division of Serial No. 84,121, filed Auor as a cement or glue for paper, straw or gust 11, 1913. other cellulose containing substances or fab- This invention relates to binding comporications. sitions for substances of divided or sep- The advantages of this binder, comprising arated nature, such as sand or insoluble glucosids and tannins resides in the fact that silicious or silicon contamm material, or when applied to paper or other cellulose subother substances of mineral veeEaEle, or stances which are matted or bonded by glues animal nature,and process of ma g same. or sizes of glue nature, that the glucosid e object of the inaenfio is to provide tannins and other tannins act as a lue or an efiicient %Lof vegetable naturg or binder while they simultaneously the carbon compoun ell area r comprising a 'igllle or size bonding material in the paper 2 glucosid,('d?'tann1n gng glucos d associated or other cellulose fabrication making a pracwa orgwa rand tically water repelling seal or binding while such 5550 mid silicate, and has for certain the glucosid present is just sufficiently hyspecific app ica ions the property of bindgroscopic to prevent the drying out of the ing, securing or anchoring road-dust tomaterial to a point of brittleness thus pro- 5 61? I 26 gether in such a manner that its circulation ducing a substantially water-repellent and by air currents occasioned by moving veflexible or resilient gluing medium. The 80 hicles or other means is limited or prcsoluble sodium silicate, when employed, also vented and whereby a s lid compact and augments the adhering of the composition hardened I'sfiliiifld an road dressing is and maintains a flexibility which does not 80 produced an an automatic hygroscopic cooccur when substances comprising the siliherence or adherence created, without macate alone, as in the prior art, are employed., 8 5 terially injuring or destroying the coherer When the binder is employed as a roa or adhering binder, and also for binding. dressing or binder, the tannin or tannicacid 11W compositions for cores, etc., combines with the iron, alumina, li are or 86 for lu' 'zin or cementing of cellular other constituents of the fdad constrliction or cellulose containing material cr-pflsaucts material producing water insoluble com- 90 or {mm 5a er astepounds which present to the gluc dsid'siind boa w board and the liEe, and for other ingredients of the binder a superior other purposes. adhesive surface so that the glucosids and ne species of the composition included excess tannins act as an agglutinizing agent in the present invention comprises lucosids for anchoring or secur' articles of dust of the aromatic extractives t e, such as gL- or; other material togethernina fixed -and cosid tannins wfiicfi appear lll tanning exflex b le fiffjel isftig'iiianner while theinherent fiimducts, in proportion of about llygroscopic pmpflfesjilhefglucosidspro. M

27% by weight together with tannin 21% "irid'a ready and automatic moistening conand water 52%, which composition has an stit'uent and effect without-deliquescence so approximate gravity of forty-eight degrees that the particles adhere together without Twaddell. v becoming attached to foreign materials This product or composition may be pro-' which may contact with them such as vehicle 60 duced by concentrating the out tan li car's tires, etc. i I

contarmf 2'36 "ately 3 70. of glucosid The glucosids employed may be of any 106 and tanni in approximate pro rata proporselective character, they being compounds tion to each other by weight as one and a WhlCh combine-the properties of glucose and half to one, or an aqueous solution of 2% ve etable extractives, or what may be termed g l .i.

glucose esters, in such a manner that each has lost its specific physical identity as such and is less soluble than either individually in water as a rule, and is hygroscopic without deliquescence and does not efiloresce or dry up spontaneously. The peculiarly adaptable properties or qualities of these glucosids probably is attributable to a progressive and alternate hydrolysis into vegewhich is continually working its way into and between particles or pieces of the road construction when subjected at intervals to progressive watering either by artificial sprinkling or from the natural source of rain, etc., and exhibits the further enhancing quality of presenting a latent form of moisture by reason of its hygroscopic properties thus preventing the disintegration and drytable extractives or organic or carlgon QJP--ng out or crumbling of the road dressing taining acids and gl cose an 1ts reformation of glucosids by condensation and dehydration under atmospheric conditions of heat, moisture, and pressure.

The soluble silicate, such as sodium silicate, augments the cementing and anchoring qualities of the composition especially when associated with insoluble silicates, silicious. or silicon containm substances such as are usuanym associate W1 Hr form a part of road construction.

The composite composition of these ingredients associated with water therefore produces a peculiarly advantageous material of selective utility as a cement or binder of flexible resilient, and elastic nature in character.

ssociatgd with tannin may be employed and mixed in any selective or desired proportion without departing from the spirit of the invention, so long as both are present in some form or the glucosid in itself presents and exhibits the combined properties hereinbefore set forth.

The soluble silicate, such as sodium silipate, may be employed as a binder augmentmg agent or additive constituent of the composition to modify the properties thereof with reference to its sllicious cementing character and also for the purpose of resinifying some of the tannins and converting them into more water repellent substances.

The composition of tannin and glu c osids r l filllc. Produced .bynnir ng the individifil ingi edients v ith water or secured froiifsu'ch substances as spent tan 1i uors, or from other sources, or extracted,i'fom natanal-.d. il3' tiyesa or artificially omnthetjgally preare saae of the tan1 1 i 1 1s and jann ic acids are at once so calle'd tannins and glucosidsTthey being converted by hydrolysis into glpcw and gallic, we, rot 'c aniifo' er acids or qrgag i g exgg "1 "*The composition comprlsing glucosids and tannins together with water, such as may be obtained from or as spent tan liquors, or 'flu1d tan waste-products such as are ordi- 'nar1 y rown away. either as such or products which may be obtained b boilingdown gnaanpantratinglfiame, or 81105 00115511- rated product rediluted is particularly adaptable to road treatment, acting as it does to fi 2 the dust and cement the road base thus malntaining a form of fixed binder or base body and also provides a superior dressing or binding agent for construction materials of roads or other solid vehicle or transportation bearing body or path.

This material applied to the surface of such roads as asphalt roads or pathways, and then coated or sanded with frictionable substances, has the property at anchoring or securing such material to the asphalt surface thereby preventing the sli )ing of horses or skidd ng of vehicle w 188 s, the astringent pi perties of the tannin ingredients augmenting the frictional surface of the road as presented to contacting substances such as vehicle tires, and also present the additional feature of holding and securing or anchoringffi and ice to the roadway-in such a manner that it is not easily released under pressure and forms a foothold of frictional character for horses shoes and the like, thus avoiding the usual dangerous character presented when ice is formed upon water repellentsurfaces such as asphalt, which results in slipping under pressure through the release of the unanchored ice coating.

The preferred process whereby this composition is made for employment as a road or roadway dressing, is to secure or provide a saent tan li uor from a tannery or other source which averages in density approximately two degrees Twaddell or about two per cent. of soluble content comprising tannin and glucosids in proportion of about one of the former to one and a half of the latter by weight; this spent tan liquor is then exposed to the action of heat either by direct means or through the med mm of circulating air at a higher temperature than the liquor 517d preferably under reduced pressure whereby the vaporization of the aqueous content or evaporation of the material is facilitated. This drying or dehydrating action is continued until the fluid or liquor has been concentrated to about forty eight degrges lggg gell or approx mately 48% of th e tannin an glucosid. This concentration to 48 degrees Twaddell is made in order to facilitate the preservation of the liquor from decomposition and to cheapen and facilitate shipment to points where it is to be utilized. This concentrated liquor is then diluted with water in the locality where it 1310 Be areployed in proportion of one part of con pentrated liquor to three parts of water for 'ios. COMPOSITIONS,

comma R PLASTIC.

a first coating or sprinkling of a road or roadway and one part to two parts of Water for a second or final coating or sprinkling.

This dust cohering and roadway cementing fluid has the advantage over oil dressings in that it does not injure or destroy rubber tires or vehicles or afiect the varnish of the same injuriously, nor is it lost by evaporation, or does it affect injuriously metal, wood or leather, or reduce the gravity of the road dressing so that it is floated and washed away by water or give a greasy appearance or dull coating to varnish or contents of vehicles.

Having now described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A cohering or binding composition coin rising a hygroscopic glucosid, and a solu 1e silicate.

2. A cohering or binding composition comprising a hygroscopic glucosid, a soluble silicate and water.

3. A cohering or binding composition Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each,

comprising a hygroscopic glucosid and sodium silicate.

4. A cohering or binding composition comprising a hygroscopic glucosid, sodium silicate and water.

5. A coliering or binding composition comprising a carbonaceous extractive constituent of tan bark liquor containing a hygroscopic glucosid.

6. A cohering or binding composition comprising a carbonaceous extractive constituent of tan bark liquor containing a hygroscopic glucosid and a soluble silicate.

7. A cohering or binding composition comprising a carbonaceous extractive constituent of tan bark liquor containing a hygroscopic glucosid and sodium silicate.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

ROBERT FULTON TOMPKINS.

\Vitnesses F. L. W'HOITNER, ERNEST H. BALL.

by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. 0. 

